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Early in march the oil market's central banker seemed to go berserk. Saudi Arabia, the most powerful member of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), has long adjusted its...

三月初，石油市场的中央银行家们似乎暴跳如雷。作为石油输出国组织（OPEC）最强大的成员国，沙特阿拉伯长期以来一直在调整其石油供应，以帮助稳定原油价格。自2016年以来，俄罗斯一直与OPEC合作，但由于covid-19无情地压低了需求，它拒绝...

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The next question was what all these genes actually do. Sure enough the answer, for a substantial fraction of them, was that they regulate aspects of the immune system. In particular, low-status indiv...

下一个问题，所有这些基因，真正起的是什么作用。答案很显然，对大部分基因而言，它们起着调节着免疫系统的作用。这非常明显地体现在，社会地位低的个体，产生各种与免疫相关的细胞和化学信号基因的活动更为明显，还有那些有关于炎症的基因（一种普通的免疫反...

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Science and Technology. Social status and health. Misery index. Low social status is bad for your health. Biologists are starting to understand why. Once upon a time the overstressed executive b...

科技 社会地位与健康 贫困指数 为什么社会地位低对身体不好 生物学家开始理解此中的奥秘 曾经，人们对现代化的一个根深蒂固的印象是，领导们在巨大压力的折磨之下，对着电话狂吼，下达命令，取消会议，待在办公室到很晚，最后死于心脏病。可...

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Are SDRS an appropriate crisis-fighting tool? The IMF reports that several poorer countries have called for it, and that members are discussing the idea. Rich countries are offering their citizens ...

SDRS是应对危机的恰当工具吗？IMF报告称，几个较贫穷的国家已经提出了这一要求，而且成员国正在讨论这一想法。支持者说，富裕国家给他们的公民提供大量现金，几乎不带附加条件。为什么IMF不也为世界各国政府这么做呢？一些经济学家希望获得价值4万...

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Governments around the world are seeing their finances savaged by the pandemic. And poor ones, who are also suffering from capital flight, are crying out for cash. The IMF, the world's crisis lende...

世界各地的政府都看到他们的财政因全球性流行病而遭受重创。那些同样正在遭遇资金外流的贫困国家急需现金。危机贷方IMF已经在分发贷款。它或许还会求助于一种更加奇怪的武器：特别提款权（SDR），一种设计于20世纪60年代的神秘金融工具。 目...

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All this suggests that the number of infected people unwittingly infecting others could be quite large. What is unclear is how infectious these people actually are. That is what the second stran...

所有这些都表明，被感染者的人数可能相当庞大。现在还不清楚这些人到底有多大的传染性。这是关于SARS-COV-2无症状和症状前传染的第二部分研究。它利用了各种实验室研究。 在其中几个研究中，从无症状感染者鼻腔和咽喉拭子中采集的病毒量和那...

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Few stories are as prominent in the study of infectious diseases as that of Mary Mallon, a cook to wealthy families, and also to a maternity hospital, in New York in the early 1900s. As she went...

在传染病研究领域，很少有像玛丽·梅伦的故事那样引人注目。20世纪初，玛丽·马伦在富裕的家庭和产科医院做过厨师。她的雇主换了一个有一个，伤寒都紧随其后，10个人中就有一个因其死亡。最终公共卫生部进行调查，并确定她是伤寒杆菌（一种会引起疾病的细...

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A third theory is that the industry is less competitive than it looks. In most areas a few big brokers handle most transactions. They set high fees, which lure ever more people into the profession: be...

第三种理论是房地产行业并不像想象的那样竞争激烈。在大部分地区，少数大型的经纪商掌控大部分交易。他们定高手续费，引诱更多的人进入该行业：在1998年到2005年之间，美国房产经纪人协会的成员数上涨了67%。这些中介机构浪费时间，彼此竞争卖掉每...